![]() Braque, interested by Picasso's technique, first employed papier collé in his piece Fruitdish and Glass. Picasso invented the collage with his Still Life with Chair Caning, in which he pasted a patch of oil cloth painted with a chair-caning design to the canvas of the piece. ![]() This phase constitutes the birth of the collage and of papier collé. Distinct superimposed parts were painted or often pasted onto the canvas, one effect of which was the introduction of brighter colors into cubist space. Unlike analytic cubism, which fragmented an object into its composing parts or facets, synthetic cubism brought many different objects together to create new forms. The second phase of cubism, beginning in 1912, is called "Synthetic Cubism." The leading artists were Pablo Picasso, George Braque, and Paul Cézanne Braque and Picasso themselves went through several distinct phases before 1920, and some of these works had been seen in New York prior to the Armory Show, at Alfred Stieglitz's "291" gallery. In 1913 the United States was exposed to Cubism and modern European art when Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints at the famous Armory Show in New York City. The Puteaux Group was a significant offshoot of the Cubist movement, and included artists like Guillaume Apollinaire, Robert Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, his brother Jacques Villon, and Fernand Léger. However, many of the artists who thought of themselves as cubists went in directions quite different from Braque and Picasso. He described it as "full of little cubes," after which the term quickly gained wide use although the two creators did not initially adopt it.Ĭubism was taken up by many artists in Montparnasse and promoted by art dealer Henry Kahnweiler, becoming popular so quickly that by 1910 critics were referring to a "cubist school" of artists. It is believed by many that the work of Cézanne may have sparked the movement.įrench art critic Louis Vauxcelles first used the term "cubism," or "bizarre cubiques," in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. After meeting in 1907, they began working on the development of Cubism in 1908, and worked closely together until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, then residents of the Montmartre quarter of Paris, France, were the movement's main innovators. Leading artists of the movement included Pablo Picasso, Paul Cézanne, and Georges Braque.
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